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CEBIMario: Casting light on the productivity of tropical reefs and their fishes
Local: Canal do CEBIMar no YouTube, link: https://youtu.be/fT_lrHkhQl0
Palestrante: Renato Morais (Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, França)
Organizador: Juan Pablo Quimbayo (CEBIMar/USP)
Resumo: Tropical reefs are highly productive ecosystems that occur in oligotrophic waters of the tropics. This truism, most often known as the ‘Darwin’s paradox’, has transcended niche coral reef ecological literature, reached popular media and is now common knowledge. Yet, the productivity of reef systems is neither paradoxical, nor has it been emphasised (or, actually, even mentioned!) by Charles Darwin. In this talk, I will present the historical context, some recent initiatives and future perspectives on my quest to cast light on some of the reasons why tropical reefs and their fishes are, indeed, exceptionally productive.
CEBIMário: Understanding the spatial patterns of coastal biodiversity to safeguard sandy beach ecosystems
Local: Canal do CEBIMar no YouTube, link: https://youtu.be/ZkD3E67XFow
Palestrante: Guilherme Corte (Smithsonian MarineGEO)
Organizador: Juan Pablo Quimbayo (CEBIMar/USP)
Resumo: Sandy beaches link the marine and terrestrial environments and makeup approximately one-third of the world’s shorelines. Unfortunately, no other coastal ecosystem is subject to such high levels of anthropic use and inappropriate management actions. Understanding what the components of beach biodiversity are and how they are spatially distributed is therefore a critical step towards the long-term sustainability of these ecosystems. In this presentation, I will talk about the importance of sandy beach ecosystems and show the results of a project recently developed in Southeast Brazil which investigated the influence of environmental characteristics and human activities on sandy beach biodiversity.
CEBIMário: Deep oceanic regions of Costa Rica
Local: Canal do CEBIMar no YouTube, link: https://youtu.be/fvmmymS8DTo
Palestrante: Jorge Cortes (Universidad de Costa Rica)
Organizador: Juan Pablo Quimbayo (CEBIMar/USP)
Resumo: The deep regions of the oceans are generally defined as deeper than 200 m, due to the change in slope, biodiversity and physical-chemical processes at and beyond the edge of the continental shelf. These are the least known regions of our planet. In this presentation we will take a trip to some of those deep regions of Costa Rica, a small country of 51,100 km2, but with a marine area more than 11 times larger and almost 2/3 of the ~590,000 km2 below 2,000 m depth (31% is between 3,000 and 3,500 m and the deepest point around 4,900 m). The marine area of Costa Rica includes 815 km of the Coco Submarine Volcanic Mountain Range, different types of seamounts, submerged plateaus, methane seeps, and extensive abyssal plains. Associated with all these environments is a rich biodiversity that we are just beginning to discover. Deep environments are not exempt from impacts by human activity and it is important that Costa Rica begin to protect them. This journey to the bottom of the sea will take us to a small area of the world oceans but in some ways it represents how little we know, the ecological fragility, the importance to humanity, and the need to protect and conserve the deep regions of our planet.
CEBIMário: Resgates da história dos recifes brasileiros nos últimos 200 anos
Local: Canal do CEBIMar no YouTube, link: https://youtu.be/jK1h9X59Szw
Palestrante: Carine Fogliarini (UFSM)
Organizador: Juan Pablo Quimbayo (CEBIMar/USP)
Resumo: Impactos antrópicos têm alterado profundamente os ecossistemas recifais, dificultando o entendimento da estrutura e funcionamento destes ambientes no passado. Através da ecologia histórica, buscamos identificar e descrever as mudanças temporais na biodiversidade. Fontes de dados não convencionais como relatos de naturalistas, cartas náuticas e entrevistas com pescadores são ferramentas desta disciplina, utilizadas para quantificar mudanças nos ecossistemas. Nesta palestra apresentarei os principais resultados obtidos através do uso de diferentes fontes históricas de informação, e como estas abordagens podem contribuir para o entendimento das mudanças nos recifes brasileiros.
CEBIMário: Decadal changes in fish composition and traits diversity in a marine park in the Gulf of California
Local: Canal do CEBIMar no YouTube, link: https://youtu.be/Am4ZFyDah00
Palestrante: Damien Olivier (UABCS México)
Organizador: Juan Pablo Quimbayo (CEBIMar/USP)
Resumo: No-take marine reserves allow overexploited fish population to rebound. However, whether the resilience level of the community may recover is an open question. The community resilience to disturbances depends on the diversity of the species traits. We analyzed reef fish assemblages over 30 years in a no-take marine reserve to determine whether the fish composition and its ecological traits structure recovered after protection. We selected the National Park of Cabo Pulmo in the Gulf of California (Mexico), a marine protected area model for its good management. From 1987 to 2017, fish assemblages were monitored to quantify the species richness, density, and evenness. The ecological traits structure of the assemblages was computed thanks to the traits richness, dispersion, and redundancy. We observed three distinct phases, (i) a decline period from 1987 to 1998 during which the species richness and fish density severely decreased due to resources exploitation and coral reef damages; (ii) a fish density recovery period following the creation of the reserve from 1998 to 2011, and (iii) a mature period where fish assemblages appear to be stable. However, during the fish recovery period, the fish composition has changed. Some species became highly dominant while other pre-disturbance abundant species did not recuperate. Ergo, the fish assemblages’ evenness, traits dispersion, and traits redundancy decreased during the recovery period before stabilizing, probably decreasing the resilience ability of the community. Although Cabo Pulmo marine park is a success story since the fish density recovered, the prohibition of resource extraction alone did not restore the past resilience level of the fish assemblages, which may make them more vulnerable to future environmental disturbances.
CEBIMário: A vida nas ondas
Local: Canal do CEBIMar no YouTube, link: https://youtu.be/Hl1AIoD2qCg
Palestrante: Yasmina Shan Esmaeili (Unicamp)
Organizador: Juan Pablo Quimbayo (CEBIMar/USP)
Resumo: Este seminário vai falar sobre a ictiofauna de zonas de surf em praias arenosas, discutindo métodos de amostragem, fatores que influenciam a biodiversidade e os impactos da urbanização
CEBIMário: Pyura chilensis (Tunicata): de la mesa a la biotecnología
Local: Canal do CEBIMar no YouTube, link: https://youtu.be/yD7mkK4Padw
Palestrante: Juan Ivan Cañete (Universidad de Magallanes)
Organizador: Juan Pablo Quimbayo (CEBIMar/USP)
Resumo: El piure (Pyura chilensis) es un recurso marino bentónico consumido a lo largo de Chile con estadísticas pesqueras desde 1945. La fuerte demanda ha llevado a que los bancos naturales disminuyan en casi 4 veces en las últimas décadas. Esta situación ha promovido el cultivo suspendido para incrementar la productividad en las áreas de manejo administradas por pescadores artesanales, diversificar la gama de productos del mar para el consumo humano y animal como también incrementar los ingresos de los sindicatos involucrados. De modo paralelo, esta especie se ha transformado en un modelo biológico para estudiar la diferenciación génica y fenotípica en ausencia de aislamiento a lo largo de la costa de Chile. La estructura génica indica la presencia de tres halogrupos monofiléticos, siendo uno de ellos altemente divergente y de distribución restringida (Valdivia, Los Molinos e Isla Navarino, Magallanes). Usos aplicados actuales del piure implican el uso de los desechos de túnicas para enriquecer el suelo y mejorar el rendimiento de productos agrícolas cultivados bajo invernadero y sus túnicas representan un almacén de carbono retenido en los océanos como una especie bioingeniera.
CEBIMário: eDNA metabarcoding: biodiversidade marinha e o papel da circulação oceânica
Local: Canal do CEBIMar no YouTube, link: https://youtu.be/B9-nQHzo-38
Palestrante: Douglas Gherardi (INPE/SP)
Organizador: Juan Pablo Quimbayo (CEBIMar/USP)
Resumo: A análise do DNA ambiental, ou eDNA em inglês, permite o estudo simultâneo de organismos em diferentes níveis tróficos e ecossistemas. Assim, é possível caracterizar a biodiversidade aquática a partir da presença e abundância de fragmentos de DNA coletados de amostras da água. A palestra irá mostrar algumas definições e aplicações, assim como aspectos da ecologia do eDNA e processos importantes como a sua persistência e transporte. Finalmente, serão apresentados alguns exemplos de como interpretar os resultados, estratégias para o biomonitoramento e perspectivas de aplicação.
CEBIMário: Fish vulnerability to coral loss in Southwestern Atlantic marginal reef
Local: Canal do CEBIMar no YouTube, link: https://youtu.be/WALioHJZgLg
Palestrante: André Luza (UFSM)
Organizador: Juan Pablo Quimbayo (CEBIMar/USP)
Resumo: Marginal reefs of Southwestern Atlantic sustain coral assemblages and are inhabited by numerous fishes. This may lead to assumptions that corals play minor roles in determining the occurrence of other species in these reefs, underestimating fish vulnerability to coral declines. In this talk I will show that ~50% of 47 studied reef fishes had occurrence positively influenced by coral cover. More importantly: the simulated loss of these fishes, as expected by climate-driven coral declines, reduced 36% of fish functional diversity, almost twice the reduction expected by chance. Despite the low cover and richness in marginal reefs, corals sustain vulnerable ecological roles and ecosystem services mediated by coral-associated fishes.
CEBIMário: A percepção humana sobre o ambiente marinho – um estudo de caso
Local: Canal do CEBIMar no YouTube, link: https://youtu.be/UfQUT_4ltfM
Palestrante: Juliana Imenis (UFABC)
Organizador: Juan Pablo Quimbayo (CEBIMar/USP)
Resumo: Os valores pessoais e as experiências adquiridas ao longo da vida influenciam na percepção das pessoas sobre determinado assunto, por exemplo, pescadores, empresários e turistas possuem opiniões diferentes sobre o uso e ocupação das zonas costeiras. Desta forma, os estudos de percepção ambiental consideram as respostas ou manifestações individuais e coletivas em relação a um contexto socioambiental, apresentando as diferentes visões de mundo dos atores sociais estudados, o que é importante para embasar subsequentes decisões políticas e educacionais. Nesta palestra, através da apresentação dos resultados de um estudo de caso, você irá conhecer como o nível de percepção ambiental sobre o ambiente marinho difere de acordo com o tipo de relação que as pessoas estabelecem com estes ambientes. A avaliação da percepção ambiental foi realizada com moradores da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, por meio de questionário online, baseado na escala do Novo Paradigma Ambiental (NEP), adaptado para ambientes costeiros e marinhos.